The Katana sword is a masterpiece of Japanese craftsmanship, consisting of several distinct parts, each with its own unique function and significance.

Understanding the Katana parts is crucial for appreciating the artistry and functionality of all Samurai swords, below you can find an extensive overview of the different Katana blade parts and body parts each one is important and contribute to the overall structure of the sword.

Blade Parts of a Katana

Blade (Nagasa): 刃 (ながさ)

The Nagasa refers to the main body of the Katana blade, extending from the tip (Kissaki) to the tang (Nakago). The length of the blade is typically between 60 to 80 centimeters (24 to 31 inches), depending on the style and period of the Katana.

Edge (Ha): 刃 (は)

The Ha is the cutting edge of the Katana, meticulously sharpened to a razor-like finish. It is characterized by its remarkable sharpness and ability to retain its edge overtime, making it highly effective for slicing through targets with precision.

Spine (Mune): 棟 (むね)

The Mune is the back edge of the Katana blade, opposite the Ha. It is typically thicker and left softer during the differential hardening process, providing structural integrity and flexibility to the blade.

Tip (Kissaki): 切先 (きっさき)

The Kissaki is the pointed tip of the Katana. It is designed for thrusting and requires precise shaping and polishing. The shape and length of the Kissaki can vary, with some Katanas featuring an extended tip for better penetration (O Kissaki).

Tang (Nakago): 茎 (なかご)

The Nakago is the unsharpened part of the blade that extends into the handle (Tsuka). It is usually left unpolished and includes the signature (Mei) of the swordsmith. The tang is critical for the overall balance and durability of the sword.

Blade Pattern (Hamon): 刃文 (はもん)

The Hamon is the visible temper line on the Katana blade, created during the differential hardening process. This line is a hallmark of traditional Japanese sword-making and varies with each swordsmith. It not only adds aesthetic beauty but also indicates the blade’s hardening process.

Groove (Hi or Bo-Hi): 樋 (ひ)

The Hi, also known as the Bo-Hi, is a groove carved into the blade. It reduces the sword weight while maintaining its structural integrity and can enhance the Katana blade sound during cutting. Not all Katanas have a groove, but when present, it can be a single or double groove.

Back Edge (Mune-Machi): 棟区 (むねまち)

The Mune-Machi is the notch at the base of the blade where the spine meets the tang. It plays a role in fitting the blade securely into the handle.

Other Parts of a Katana

Blade Collar (Habaki): 鎺 (はばき)

The Habaki is a metal collar fitted at the base of the blade, securing the blade within the scabbard (Saya). It ensures a snug fit and prevents the blade from wobbling or slipping out unintentionally.

Spacer (Seppa) – 切羽 (せっぱ):

The Seppa are small, oval-shaped washers made of metal, typically copper or brass, placed on either side of the Tsuba (guard). Their primary function is to ensure a tight fit between the Tsuba, Habaki (blade collar), and Fuchi (handle collar), preventing any movement or rattling of these components.

Handle (Tsuka): 柄 (つか)

The Tsuka is the handle of the Katana, typically made of wood and wrapped in rayskin (Same) and cord (Ito) for a firm grip. The handle is designed to accommodate two hands, allowing for powerful and controlled strikes. The Tsuka often features menuki (ornamental grips) under the wrapping for additional grip and decoration.

Handguard (Tsuba): 鍔 (つば)

The Tsuba is the handguard positioned between the blade and the handle. It protects the wielder’s hand and contributes to the sword’s balance. Tsubas are often intricately decorated with various designs, showcasing the craftsmanship and artistic expression of the swordsmith.

Pommel (Kashira): 頭 (かしら)

The Kashira is the end cap of the handle, which helps to secure the handle wrap and contributes to the overall balance of the sword. It is often elaborately decorated to match the Tsuba and other fittings.

Handle Collar (Fuchi): 縁 (ふち)

The Fuchi is the collar at the top of the handle, near the guard, adding strength and aesthetic appeal and provides structural integrity for the sword.

Ornamental Grips (Menuki) – 目貫 (めぬき)

The Menuki are decorative grips placed under the handle wrapping for additional grip and aesthetic value.

Handle Wrapping (Ito): 緒 (いと)

The Ito is the cord used to wrap the handle, providing a secure and comfortable grip. The wrapping technique is known as Tsuka-Maki, and it can vary in style, with different patterns and materials used.

Ray Skin (Samegawa) – 鮫皮 (さめがわ)

The Samegawa is the rayskin under the handle wrapping, adding texture and provides with non slip grip, even if the handle was soaked with blood.

Peg (Mekugi) – 目釘 (めくぎ)

The Mekugi are small bamboo or metal pegs that secure the blade’s tang to the handle, ensuring it stays in place.

Scabbard (Saya): 鞘 (さや)

The Saya is the wooden sheath that houses the Katana blade when not in use. It is often lacquered and may feature intricate designs or decorations. The Saya protects the blade from damage and corrosion and allows the sword to be carried safely.

Cord (Sageo): 下緒 (さげお)

The Sageo is the cord attached to the Saya, used to secure the scabbard to the samurai’s belt (Obi). It also adds to the aesthetic appeal of the Katana.